Laws of Physics and the Constants of Physics

Laws of physics are fundamental, experimentally proven principles that describe universal behaviors of matter, energy, space, and time. Key laws include Newton’s laws of motion, the laws of thermodynamics (mass, energy, momentum), and electromagnetism, which govern physical systems and are constantly verified to high precision. These laws are not like human laws; they are absolutely nonnegotiable. With more discoveries and better instruments each year, we learn more about the Laws of Physics and the Constants of Physics (physical constants).

One of the discoveries is that the Laws of Physics and the Constants of Physics have not changed over the history of the universe. These discoveries have also shown that all the Laws of Physics and the Constants of Physics are highly fine-tuned (designed) to support life here on Earth or anywhere in the universe. This is called the Anthropic Principle. For more info see the Anthropic Principle page and Life page.

The Bible stated 2,600 years ago in the Book of Jeremiah 33 that physical laws do not change (Jeremiah 33:25, God declares, “I have established…the fixed laws of heaven and earth"). Astronomers have proven Jeremiah 33 correct, as we look back in time (more distant stars) they behave the same as close stars. As astronomers look into space, they see stars. The light from close stars takes less time than from faraway stars. Astronomers can only look at the past, as light takes time to travel. Thus, astronomers can directly observe the past, and they see that the laws of heaven and earth (i.e laws of physics) have not changed over the history of the universe. We can see very old stars, middle-aged stars, and very nearby stars. Yet, all the stars are burning the same. E=MC2 is true, the C is the speed of light. If the speed of light changed at all from its 186,000 miles per second speed, stars would not burn the same as they do over the history of the universe.

While the Laws of Physics tell us how the universe operates, it has very few what it is. We can measure and calculate, but what is gravity? What is energy? What is Dark Energy? What is Dark Matter, Why is consciousness? Why is life (that made something live), Why do we dream? Where did Moral come from?

Some Laws of Physics:

Law of Thermodynamics: This is a two-part law: 1st and 2rd.

1st Law is called the conservation of energy. It has nothing to do with saving or conserving energy. It states that energy in a closed system stays the same. "The total energy of an isolated system is constant, but energy can be transformed from one form to another". Another way of stating the law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be changed from one form to another. When energy is converted from one form to another, energy is lost; this loss is called entropy. In the universe, the "system" means all the energy in the universe that came into existence with the creation of the universe (also called the Big Bang or The Singularity, the event that occurred only once in the history of the universe) 13.813 ±0.038 billion years ago. At this point in the past, all space, matter, time, and energy came into existence. The energy you use to move and live came from the creation of the universe.

2nd Law is Entropy, also called Decay. Heat flows from higher-temperature to lower-temperature bodies (object). Also, the degree of disorder or randomness in the system always increases over time. This a natural one-way process. Machines that convert energy to one form or another are called generators or engines. A car, any car, converts energy (gas, diesel or electricity) into motion. In doing so, some of the energy is lost to heat (it was not used to move the car). This loss is called entropy. In the universe, stars burn hydrogen and convert most of this to helium through nuclear fusion in their cores. In this process, stars give off heat and other forms of radiation. This heat and radiation can never be gathered back up and used to burn a new star; this is called Entropy or decay. Entropy or decay is also fine-tuned for us to be able to use (digest) nutrients in our body. The Bible, 2,000 years ago, wrote about the law of decay very accurately.

Romans 8:21 "that the creation itself will also be freed from its bondage to decay into the glorious freedom of the children of God." I

In Romans 8:19-23, Paul describes the physical creation as being in "bondage to decay" and is "groaning".

This decay is not final; creation eagerly awaits liberation, which will occur when believers are fully redeemed and glorified (the New Creation, which will have no decay, see New Creation page).

Newton’s laws of motion: An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in a straight line unless acted upon by an external, unbalanced force. Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion, including changes to its speed or direction. Newton's Second Law of Motion (Force and Acceleration): The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. Formula: Force = mass x acceleration. Newton's Third Law of Motion (Action and Reaction): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

The Law of Causality, or law of cause and effect, states that every effect has an adequate, preceding cause, meaning nothing occurs by chance. It is a foundational principle of science and philosophy, asserting that all material effects require a cause and that this cause must be greater than or equal to the effect. It posits that nothing changes or comes into existence without a cause, serving as a foundational principle in science, logic, and philosophy. The cause must possess at least as much reality, perfection, or "information content" as its effect. This concept suggests that a cause must be adequate to produce the effect. The universe had a beginning (all space, mass, energy, and time had a beginning). The One that brought the universe into existence must be greater than the universe. Only the God of the Bible is described as having these traits. See Space time page on how this applies to the universe.

The laws of electromagnetism: Includes equations, describes how electric charges produce electric fields, magnetic fields arise from currents and changing electric fields, and how changing magnetic fields induce electricity. These include Gauss's Law (electric/magnetic), Faraday's Law, and the Ampère-Maxwell Law. James Clerk Maxwell unified electricity and magnetism. Coulomb’s Law describes the electrostatic force between charged objects. Ohm's law describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in electricity. Also, voltage, current, and power.

Strong and weak nuclear forces governs all the Laws of Physics at the atomic level. The strong and weak nuclear forces are highly fine tuned so life in posible in the universe. The law E=MC2, makes all the element is the periodic table possible and electrons bond and flow.

Law of Universal Gravitation: Every particle attracts every other particle with a force proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. While we are not 100% that gravity is, we can measure it with precision. Job 26:7 "He stretches out the north over the void, and hangs the earth upon nothing." Some say this looks like gravity. Job 38:32, The Pleiades are described as a gravitationally bound star cluster. The balance of gravity, mass, and dark energy is highly fine-tuned to allow life to exist anywhere in the universe.

Einstein’s Theory of Relativity (while still called a theory, it has passed many tests and should be called a law). Relates mass to energy and describes physics at high speeds and large gravitational fields. The law, General and Special. See the Relativity page

Quantum Mechanics is a cornerstone of modern physics, describing the behaviour of particles at the atomic and subatomic scales. Quantum Mechanics are fine-tuned for life in this universe.

Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion describe how planets orbit the Sun.

Hooke’s Law: Relates to elasticity.

Archimedes’ Principle: Governs buoyancy.

Constants of Physics

Physical constants are unchanging. For the fundamental constants, if the values were to change by the slightest amount, we wouldn’t have structures like atoms, planets, or stars. Thus no life on Earth.

The speed of light in a vacuum is a fundamental physical constant, 299,792,458299 meters per second or 186,000 miles per second.

Energy-Mass Equivalence: E=MC2 , his means a small amount of mass can be converted into a tremendous amount of energy, as seen in nuclear reactions, the Sun.

Gravitational Constant: A physical constant that gives the strength of the gravitational field induced by a mass.

Electron Mass and Proton Mass: While small, it is a needed physical constant. Proton-to-electron mass ratio: While small is a needed physical constant.

Fine-structure constant is one of the most fundamental constants of physics. It describes the strength of the force of electromagnetism between elementary particles in what is known as the standard model of particle physics. In particular, the fine-structure constant sets the strength of electromagnetic interaction between light (photons) and charged elementary particles such as electrons and muons.

Planck's constant (h): a fundamental physical constant in quantum mechanics

Elementary charge (e): is the fundamental physical constant representing the electric charge carried by a single proton or the negative charge of a single electron

Boltzmann constant (k): is a fundamental physical constant relating kinetic energy in particles to temperature,

Avogadro's constant: is the exact number of particles—atoms, molecules, ions, or electrons—contained in one mole of a substance

Electron mass: The rest mass of an electron. It is an elementary subatomic particle.

Proton mass: atomic mass units (amu). It is approximately 1,836 times more massive than an electron.

Neutron mass: atomic mass units (u). It is slightly more massive than a proton.

Atomic mass constant: is 1/12 the mass of carbon-12

Proton-to-electron mass ratio: is approximately 1836.15

Elementary charge: is the electric charge carried by a single proton.

Ref:

https://www.britannica.com/science/laws-of-thermodynamics

Gilbert Newton Lewis and Merle Randall, Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1923).

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