Creation Models

Also see The Christian Views of Genesis 1 in the Bible.

A creation model is a framework that integrates observations of the natural world with the Biblical accounts of origins. The model is testable and falsifiable, just like any other scientific model. The Biblical creation models can be tested against other creation models and the naturalistic model of origins. The Biblical creation model can, with testing, show that a divine agent (the God of the Bible) created the universe and life. Note, the evidence cannot just be from your singular point of view. A good biblical creation model is one that has the ability to predict with accuracy advancing scientific discovery. Long before the scientific method was made, the Bible stated: 1 Thessalonians 5:21 "Test all things; hold fast what is good." See the Age of Earth page for more info and Gen 1 page

1) Young Earth Creationism (YEC): Fails both Biblical testing and scientific testing. (days 1 to 7 are not 24 hours in the Bible). Despite the lack of scientific or Biblical evidence, YEC is somewhat popular due to the us-against-them teaching, and the false "claim" that it is the only correct way to read the Bible also receives a lot of advertising. Predication: evidence that the universe and Earth are not billions of years old, but only thousands of years, will increase in the future. Evidence that no animlas deid before humans. Everything was created in a 144-hour period. (See the Age of Earth page for more info)

2) Gap Theory: Fails Biblical testing (days 1 to 7 are not 24 hours in the Bible) and fails scientific testing. Predication: Evidence will show short 6-burst periods (24 hours) of creation (appearances) and then long periods of no creation, gaps.

3) Framework hypothesis: Fails Biblical testing, Genesis 1 is written as a chronological history of events, it is not poetry. Written as "This happened, then this happens." Not a testable model, as it makes no predictions.

4) Non-Historical and No position: Fails Biblical testing, Genesis 1 is written as a chronological history of events, it is not poetry. The model is not testable as it makes no predictions. (Some in this view hold to a naturalistic model also.)

5) Naturalistic model: No creator is needed for anything. Predication: as time goes by, there will be less evidence for the Anthropic Principle. There will be less evidence for the universe's extra-dimensional origins. There will be less evidence that humans are special, that humans are just one step above animals. There will be a naturalistic model to explain the origins of life someday. All the gaps in the fossil record will go away. A missing link to humans will be found. More evidence that Humans are just animals, not unique. See Anthropic Principle page space-time page See Human Uniqueness page See life page

5) Day Age Creationism: Offers a detailed, complete Biblical Creation Model that is testable and falsifiable from scripture and scientific study, just like any other scientific model. Predication: In the future, there will be more evidence that the order and timing of the events in Genesis 1 are correct. More evidence that Humans are special (see Human Uniqueness page). More evidence for the Anthropic Principle. See: Anthropic Principle. page More evidence for the extra-dimensional origins of the universe. space-time page.

Testable Creation Model: The frame of reference in Genesis 1:1 is the cosmos, all of physical reality. God declares that he brought the entire universe into existence—matter, energy, and all the associated space-time dimensions. Einstein’s theory of general relativity tells us that the cause of the universe acts independently (i.e., from outside) of matter, energy, and the space-time dimensions along which matter and energy are distributed to bring it into existence. Observations now securely establish the reliability of general relativity. See the Relativity page. Genesis 1:2 explicitly shifts the frame of reference, the narrator’s vantage point, to the surface of Earth, above the waters but below the clouds. This verse describes the initial conditions of primordial Earth: dark on its surface, unfit for life, empty of life, and covered with water. With the frame of reference and the initial conditions for the six creation days thus established, a straightforward chronology of creation events unfolds. Science works with testable ideas called Models. To see if an idea(s) is correct one makes expectations about future Science findings and discoveries.

Testable Creation Model: Bible got it 100% correct: In the next 6 months and next year, will there be more or less evidence for: (The test)

1) The universe that is matter, energy, and all the associated space-time dimensions comes from nothing, including the sun. (Gen 1:1, Isaiah 42:5) See space time

2) The early primordial Earth is dark (light cannot penetrate its thick atmosphere, light from the heavenly bodies could penetrate to the surface), unfit for life, and void of life. (formless, like molten) Then the Earth's surface is covered with water. Frame of reference now on earth. (Gen 1:2)

3) The early primordial Earth had life in the oceans (Ge 1:2), brooding, protecting life in the seas. (before this earth is empty of life, and unfit for life)

4) The early primordial Earth's darkness gave way to light, but could not see objects in the sky [sky is translucent] (Gen 1:3, Job 38)

5) The early primordial Earth had a water cycle (Gen 1:6-8)( Water above and water below. Firmament or vault should be translated sky or expanse)

6) Continents - dry land forms (Gen 1:9-10, end of water world, and ocean basins took shape.)

7) Plants began to grow on the continental landmasses (Gen 1:11-12)

8) The atmosphere transitioned from translucent to transparent so that the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars could be seen from Earth’s surface.(Gen 1:14-Job 38) ("let there in light", the word create in nowhere in the text, not add it, see Job 38 on why it is dark)

9) Swarms of small sea animals filled the oceans. [Avlon and Cambrian explosion] (Gen 1:20)

10) Sea mammals and birds were created and became abundant. (Gen 1:21) (Birds are earlier than thought at least 210 million years age or before)

11) Three specialized kinds of animals came onto the scene, reptile or any other small, rapidly moving animals, livestock (cattle), came on the scene late, and beast (genral term for animals), not a complete list of all animals. Can also be translated as: short-legged land mammals, long-legged, easy-to-tame land mammals, and long-legged, difficult-to-tame land mammals—all three appropriate in specific ways to help meet humanity’s needs. (Day 6, Gen 1:24)

12) Human beings appeared last, are special, not the same as animals (in the image of God) (day 6, Gen 1:26)

13) No new phylum or clade comes after Human beings appear (Day 7, Gen 2:2)

Past predictions came true:

1. transcendent creation event (The singularity of the universe, Creation, Big Bang 13.7 Billion years ago)

2. cosmic fine-tuning (Strong Anthropic Principle)

3. fine-tuning of the Earth’s, solar system’s, and Milky Way Galaxy’s characteristics (see alone page)

4. rapidity of life’s origin (See life page)

5. lack of inorganic kerogen (See life page)

6. extreme biomolecular complexity (See life page)

7. Cambrian explosion

8. missing horizontal branches in the fossil record

9. placement and frequency of “transitional forms” in the fossil record

10. fossil record reversal

11. frequency and extent of mass extinctions

12. recovery from mass extinctions

13. duration of time windows for different species

14. frequency, extent, and repetition of symbiosis (interaction between two different organisms living in close association, to the advantage of both)

15. frequency, extent, and repetition of altruism (see Human Uniqueness)

16. speciation and extinction rates

17. Recent Origin of humanity (see Human Origin)

18. huge biodeposits

19. Genesis 1 perfect fit with the fossil record

20. molecular clock rates (genetic mutation rates, which needed adjusting)

All naturalistic processes (natural selection, mutations, gene exchange, epigenetics) for driving the evolution of life require long time periods to produce any significant changes. However, the fossil record—in combination with the history of Earth’s atmospheric oxygen levels established by Wang’s team—demonstrates that the time periods are extremely brief, indistinguishable from instantaneous. The immediacy with which oxygen-demanding animals appear when atmospheric oxygen levels attain the minimum levels necessary for their survival supports the argument that a supernatural, superintelligent Creator authored such life, as described in Psalm 104.

Ref:

https://reasons.org/single/creation-model-approach

• The Bible (including Genesis 1–11) is the error-free word of God. (2 Timothy 3:16)

• The creation account of Genesis 1 follows a basic chronology. (Day 1 to 7)

• The record of nature is also a reliable revelation from God. (Rom 1:18-23, Ps 19)

• The message of nature will agree with what the Bible says. (Rom 1:18-23, Ps 19)

• The Bible contains a selective summary description of God’s creation activity (e.g., no mention of dinosaurs, bipedal primates, quantum mechanics, or the existence of other solar system planets). (The Bible is not a science book, but when it writes about nature, it will be correct.)

• God gives humans the privilege to fill in the details, carefully, through patient, ongoing exploration and increased understanding of the natural realm. This knowledge shall increase. and travel faster (See Daniel 12:4)

Daniel 12:4' But you, Daniel, shut up the words, and seal the book, until the time of the end. Many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall increase.” (Written 165 B.C. This has come true in our time.)

Isaiah 42:5, “This is what the Lord says—He who created the heavens and stretched them out.' (Create (bara’). bringing into existence something new, something that did not exist before.) (Genesis 1:1; 2:3; 2:4; Psalm 148:5; Isaiah 40:26; 42:5; 45:18). (Colossians 1 but also in Proverbs 8:22-31; John 17:24; Ephesians 1:4; 2 Timothy 1:9; Titus 1:2; and 1 Peter 1:20)

“stretched out.” of the universe is used by five different Bible authors: Job 9:8; Psalm 104:2; Isaiah 40:22; 42:5; 44:24; 45:12; 48:13; 51:13; Jeremiah 10:12; 51:15; and Zechariah 12:1.

Romans 8 we are told that the entire creation has been subjected to the law of decay (the second law of thermodynamics).

https://reasons.org/explore/publications/facts-for-faith/anthropic-principle-a-precise-plan-for-humanity

• Michael Bau and Andrea Koschinsky, “Oxidative Scavenging of Cerium on Hydrous Fe Oxide: Evidence from the Distribution of Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium between Fe Oxides and Mn Oxides in Hydrogenetic Ferromanganese Crusts,” Geochemical Journal 43, no. 1 (2009): 37–47, doi:10.2343/geochemj.1.0005.

• Bau and Koschinsky, “Oxidative Scavenging of Cerium”; James W. Moflett, “The Relationship between Cerium and Manganese Oxidation in the Marine Environment,” Limnology and Oceanography 39, no. 6 (September 1994): 1309–18, doi:10.4319/lo.1994.39.6.1309.

• Eric J. Bellefroid et al., “Constraints on Paleoproterozoic Atmospheric Oxygen Levels,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 115, no. 32 (July 23, 2018): 8104–9, doi:10.1073/pnas.1806216115; Xiao-Ming Liu et al., “A Persistently Low Level of Atmospheric Oxygen in Earth’s Middle Age,” Nature Communications 12 (January 13, 2021): id. 351, doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20484-7.

• Noah J. Planavsky et al., “Low Mid-Proterozoic Atmospheric Oxygen Levels and the Delayed Rise of Animals,” Science 346, no. 6209 (October 31, 2014): 635–8, doi:10.1126/science.1258410; Devon B. Cole et al., “A Shale-Hosted Cr Isotope Record of Low Atmospheric Oxygen during the Proterozoic,” Geology 44, no. 7 (July 1, 2016): 555–8, doi:10.1130/G37787.1.

• Donald E. Canfield et al., “Highly Fractionated Chromium Isotopes in Mesoproterozoic-Aged Shales and Atmospheric Oxygen,” Nature Communications 9 (July 20, 2018): id. 2871, doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05263-9; G. J. Gilleaudeau et al., “Oxygenation of the Mid-Proterozoic Atmosphere: Clues from Chromium Isotopes in Carbonates,” Geochemistry Perspectives Letters 2, no. 2 (May 24, 2016): 178–87, doi:10.7185/geochemlet.1618.

• Changle Wang et al., “Strong Evidence for a Weakly Oxygenated Ocean-Atmosphere System during the Proterozoic,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 119, no. 6 (January 31, 2022): id. e2116101119, doi:10.1073/pnas.2116101119.

• Hans O. Pörtner, Martina Langenbuch, and Anke Reipschläger, “Biological Impact of Elevated Ocean CO2 Concentrations: Lessons from Animal Physiology and Earth History,” Journal of Oceanography 60, no. 4 (August 1, 2004): 705–18, doi:10.1007/s10872-004-5763-0.

• Zaher S. Azzam et al., “The Physiological and Molecular Effects of Elevated CO2 Levels,” Cell Cycle 9, no. 8 (April 20, 2010): 1528–32, doi:10.4161/cc.9.8.11196; Kris Permentier et al., “Carbon Dioxide Poisoning: A Literature Review of an Often Forgotten Cause of Intoxication in the Emergency Department,” International Journal of Emergency Medicine 10 (April 4, 2017): id. 14, p. 1, doi:10.1186/s12245-017-0142-y.

• Stephan V. Sobolev and Michael Brown, “Surface Erosion Events Controlled the Evolution of Plate Tectonics on Earth,” Nature 570 (June 5, 2019): 52–57, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1258-4; Hugh Ross, “Why Do We Need Snowball Events?” Today’s New Reason to Believe (blog), Reasons to Believe, August 5, 2019.