Claims Atheists and Agnostics make:

1) The Bible teaches that the Sun was created on Day 4.

Genesis 1:14 “Let there be lights in the expanse of the heavens. . . . they shall serve as signs and for seasons, and for days and years.” As Genesis 1:20 implies, the signs are for the benefit of the animals created after Earth’s atmosphere became transparent, due to higher oxygen levels. The phrase "Let there be light" does not include the word "create" or "made". Often, thus, the look to hate the God of the Bible will change the wording, replacing "Let there be lights" with "Let there be light " to create the sun.

2) There is some kind of dome, vault, or firmament in the early sky in Genesis 1:7.

Firmament is a Latin word that should not be in any English Bible. Vault is not a good translation; a Good translation is "sky" or "expanse". The dome idea is from ancient mythology; it is not in the Bible, but is claimed to be in the Bible based on a single word. The Bible discusses the water cycle, "water above" clouds, and "water below" oceans and lakes. See Bible Translations

3) The Bible teaches that slavery is OK.

Bible teaches that slavery is wrong. Exodus 21:16, Deuteronomy 24:7, 1 Timothy 1:10, Philemon 1:15-16, Exodus 21:2, Deuteronomy 15:12, Leviticus 25:10, Jeremiah 34:9-10, Galatians 3:28. While all these verses write about how slavery is wrong, both the Old and New Testaments also write about how to Master and Slaves are to behave, as they lived in a culture that had slaves. The Bible also writes about those that volvataly pu themself in to indentured servitude, also called bondservant or voluntary slave. Bondservant often enters service to pay debts, whereas a slave is someone held in forced, permanent ownership with few rights. It was Christians who ended slavery in the UK (William Wilberforce) and the USA (Christian abolitionist, started by ones like John Brown, then the Civil War).

4) The Bible teaches that genocide is OK.

Some cultures/societies are so evil that they must be ended to save humanity around them. The Nazi culture and the Imperial Japan culture were so evil that the Allied nations of the world had to end them (violent war to unconditional surrender, then denazification and end Japan's militaristic death cult). Japan killed 30 million during World War 2 and Nazi 17 million. In the Bible, there were a few cultures/societies around the Israelites that were so evil and endangering the cultures/societies around them, including the Israelites, God had them removed, just as the US had to a very high cost remove Nazism and the Kamikaze death cult. Not only were these cultures/societies practicing evil, but they were also exporting it to other practices. Widespread (normal for the whole town) practices included: child sacrifice, sorcery, bestiality, and the raping of men and women. Genesis 19:1–11, Judges 11:39, Leviticus 18:21, 2 Kings 23:10, Baal and Moloch rites included child sacrifice to Canaanite and Phoenician deities. Ancient Roman and Greek texts state the child was rolled in a fire pit. Archaeologists have found some of these pits and the cremated remains of thousands of infants and young children. Near Jerusalem was the Valley of Hinnom, used for child sacrifice to Baal. Judges 2:11-13, 1 Kings 18, and 2 Kings 10:18-28, Numbers 25.

5) Genesis 1 contradictes science.

If one holds a Young Earth Creationism (YEC) view of the Bible, then yes, there are many contradictions with science, as YEC states the Earth is only ~6,000 years old. But, YEC is not the official spokesperson for the Bible or the Christian faith. Those who hold a day-age-old earth view of the Bible have no contradictions with science. The Earth is 4.5662 million years old, and that fits the Bible's teaching. See Creation Model for details on how Gen 1 matches the science page.

6) The Bible Flood is a fairytale. (If the claim is a global flood, then yes, but the Bible does not teach this.)

The Flood was long ago in the Mesopotamia valley only. There is some evidence for a local flood. Those who claim the Bible text teaches that the flood covered the whole globe and every animal on earth was in the ark have no standing with science or the Bible. The Bible clearly states that the flood was only in the Mesopotamia valley, and the ark came to rest in the foothills of the Mesopotamia valley, the hills of the Mountains of Ararat. "Mountains of Ararat" (the text does not say Mount Ararat) includes the foothills just north of the Mesopotamia valley (the resting place is most likely just north of Nineveh). The Mesopotamian valley is a low and flat alluvial plain. With enough water, this valley could be flooded, and the hills and mountains experience severe flash floods, as described in the text. The only sources of this much water are glacial melt and heavy rains. The flood must have occurred during an interglacial period with a short, warmer global climate. The text does not say every animal on earth was placed in the ark, only animals that had bonds with humans. This is why there were crows and doves on board (the only two animals listed, as they bond easily with humans). The word for the animals on board is nephesh life, these are only birds and mammals. In this case, birds and mammals that have bonded with humans. The ark would have been large enough for these. The Bible also states that more than two of the clean animals should be taken. The clean animals are not listed, as any Jew reading the text knows what they are. Mesopotamia clean animals include land animals with completely divided hooves that chew the cud (cattle, sheep, goats, deer, gazelle, and antelope) and specific birds ( dove, pigeon, quail, duck, goose, and partridge). These were given to "set apart" or holy to God. Also, as protection, pigs and scavengers are not to be eaten. Evidence for a historical flood (not just a moral story) is that hundreds of cultures around the world have a flood story. The stories differ because the flood was long ago, and this oral tradition was passed down; this is normal. But a common message in many of the stories is that a deity (or deities) passed judgment on humans. Genesis 6-9, 2 Peter 2:5 (flood on ungodly only, local flood per Bible). See the nephesh life page.

6) Lack of evidence for miraculous events.

Some miracles are proven. The creation of the universe is a miracle. Space-time theorem establishes that a Causal Agent beyond space and time created the space-time dimensions of the universe. Gen 1:1. See Space-Time page. The many accounts of Near-death experiences (NDEs) are profound, often transformative to the person. There are articles documenting cases of spontaneous or unexpected recoveries from severe illnesses where doctors have no explanation for the outcome. Ultimately, whether a miracle is considered "proven" depends entirely on an individual's framework of belief and the type of evidence they require. Even a committed atheist would have to acknowledge that the universe exhibits extraordinary order and design for life. Some have said that no evidence would change their Atheistic worldview. God's creation (all of nature) declares God's Divine Nature, so all know and are without excuse. Romans 1:19-20 "Since what may be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them. For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that people are without excuse." The Night Sky is one of the tools God uses to teach about Himself: Psalm 19:1-4: The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of his hands. Day after day they pour forth speech; night after night they reveal knowledge. They have no speech, they use no words; no sound is heard from them. Yet their voice goes out into all the earth, their words to the ends of the world. The animals (nephesh animals, birds, and mammals) were given by God to teach us about Him. Job 12:7-8: “But ask the animals, and they will teach you, or the birds in the sky, and they will tell you." Matthew 13:12: "To those who listen to my teaching, more understanding will be given, and they will have an abundance of knowledge. But for those who are not listening, even what little understanding they have will be taken away from them." (This is due to those hardening their hearts toward God's love and truth, see Hebrews 3:15 and Ezekiel 36:26.) No amount of argument or evidence amassed by the human mind can convince a skeptic that God has spoken, until God touches and softens their heart. Why do atheists and skeptics spend so much of their time and energy passionately arguing against the existence of God? The gods of the other religions were ignored by them. The normal reply is that they hate the God of the Bible because they despise his followers. Atheists normally had been wounded by people who called themselves Christians and carried deep unforgiveness. Atheism, almost always, is rooted in self-imposed ignorance arising from a dislike of the God of the Bible. Atheist Peter Atkins is on record as saying that no evidence would change his mind.

7) If God is both Good and All-powerful, why is there evil in the world? This is such a common question; there is a page for this question: Pain and Suffering in Light of God's Love and Power

8) Is God Real? Does Science Answer "Is There a God?" Yes, See Space-Time page and Time page. As we learn more about the universe, Earth, and life, the more evidence we have for the God of the Bible. Also see See Anthropic principle , Testable Creation Model, God-Bible vs Science.

9) Is Christianity True? Evidence for the Truth of the Christian Religion Can religious belief be tested? Yes, See Anthropic principle , Testable Creation Model, God-Bible vs Science, Space-Time page

10) Was Jesus God? The evidence for the deity of Jesus of Nazareth. Hundreds of years before Jesus Christ's birth, his birth, life, death, and resurrection were foretold. The Dead Sea Scrolls have proven this to be true. We can know, 100% sure, that He is who He says He is. The major Prophecies about Jesus Christ, written 700 years before His birth, are found in Isaiah 53. Many have come to faith in Jesus Christ after reading this. Isaiah 9:6 For to us a child is born, to us a son is given, and the government will be on his shoulders. And he will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. Also see Who is Jesus Christ page

11 Ultimate Atheist Challenge: I Can Design a Better Universe Than God Did! Are you an atheist who thinks the Christian God is a bad designer? See Anthropic principle and Life page

12) God Created Everything. Who Created God? If God can be eternal, why not the universe? The Space-time theorem establishes that a Causal Agent beyond space and time created the space-time dimensions of the universe. The Causal Agent must be able to operate in extra space-time dimensions and able to create space-time dimensions at will. As such, this all-powerful Creator is not limited to our timeline and thus has no start or end. Only the God of the Bible matches the Space-time theorem. See the Space Time page for more details.

13) What will happen to the people who have never heard of Jesus Christ? - Will they all be in hell? No, see What about those that never heard page for details. The Bible says all have been (or will be) given enough info (light) in this life to make up their minds where they would like to spend their afterlife: With God or apart from him. Humans have 100% free will (freedom) to make up their minds. Those who reject God in this life will NOT want to be forever with Him in the Heaven/New Creation. So "hell", is part of God' love and grace to those that reject Him. God will not force anyone to be with him. Revelation 3:20 Jesus says to everyone in the past, present, and future: "Here I am! I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, I will come in and eat with that person, and they with me". So; Is God a Moral Monster? A Loving God Would Not Send Billions of People to Hell, Would He? - Would a loving God force people to spend eternity with Him? See above for reply.

14) What about atrocities that have been done in the name of religion? - Yes, so-called "Christians" have done evil things in the name of God. However, atheists have killed many times more people than these "Christians." Does that mean that atheism is false? Christians have accepted God's forgiveness in Jesus Christ. This does not make them perfect. Christians wars were more over land than religion. The Crusades were about freeing up the Holy Land, so anyone could visit there. The only bad time was the Spanish Inquisition was a brutal, state-run tribunal designed to enforce Catholic teachings on Muslims, Protestants, and Jews for 350 years, with 5,000 deaths. Atheist have killed up to 170 million, so the two are not even close.

15) Why is the universe so vast, did God waste space and matter? See Why so Vast page. God wasted nothing, he made it all for you and I !

16) Why Would God Create a Person Who Would be Destined for Hell? - 2 Peter 3:9: " The Lord is not slow in keeping his promise, as some understand slowness. Instead he is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish, but everyone to come to repentance." John 3:16 "For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life." God send no one anywhere, you are free to pick your afterlife.

17) The Mercy of God as Found in the Old Testament. Is the God of the Old Testament is merciful, like the new? Genesis 15:6 "Abram believed the Lord, and he credited it to him as righteousness." This is the same message in the Whole Bible. If you trust and believe (not by any good works, which is pride and boasting), God will forgive and give you entrance to the New Creation. God never changes, people and culture change over time, so there is some difference. The Bible startes about 4,000 years ago and ended 2,000 years ago.

18) It Isn't Fair That God Judges People Who are Born Into Buddhist, Hindu or Other Non-Christian Homes. This is addressed in the What about those that never heard page. God is fair, he reaches out to everyone and gives them the light and knowledge they need to make up their minds, in the time they have on earth. The proof is that Jesus is not culture-based; that is, there are Believers in Jesus in all nations and cultures, unlike all other religions. See the Testimonies page for proof.

19) Thou Shall Not Kill- and it support the death penalty. Does God Violate His Own Commandment? Words are important, and the meaning of words is just as important. The Bible teaches that the death penalty carried out by the government is necessary to both deter and pay the price for taking someone else's life (taking of innocent life, shedding of innocent blood), this is called murder. In the 10 Commandments, the command " do not kill" in the Bible is the taking of innocent life, that is, do not murder.

20) If God is a Jealous God Doesn't That Make Him the Divine Hypocrite? or sinner? The Old Testament clearly states that God is a jealous God. In fact, it even says that His name is Jealous. Isn't jealousy a bad thing? Does this make God the divine hypocrite? The Bible makes it clear that God is not like humans in that He never commits sins, but is absolutely holy. However, English translations of the Hebrew scriptures say that God is jealous. Both the Old Testament and New Testament say that jealousy is a bad thing. So, if God is jealous and jealousy is a sin, then God must be the divine hypocrite. The doctrine that God is a jealous God comes from the Old Testament books of the law of Moses. The "jealousy" is always in the context of idol worship, beginning in the Ten Commandments of Exodus 20. " You shall not worship them or serve them; for I, the LORD your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children, on the third and the fourth generations of those who hate Me" (Exodus 20:5) Hebrew adjective, qannâ' (Strong's H7067), translated with the English word "jealous. This Hebrew word is that it is only used in reference to God. So no.

21) God's Chosen People, the Jews: Isn't God Unfair in Showing Such Preference? If giving preferential treatment to a group of people is a sin, why isn't God a sinner since He chose the Jews? Too many think "Chosen" means better, or better than other people groups. The Bible nowhere paints this picture. Chosen means picked, just as one would walk into an orphanage and look around and pick one child. Abraham was just one man in the Mesopotamian Valley in a polytheistic world. God "picked" him and revealed Himself to him. Why bring forth the prophecies about Jesus Christ, written hundreds of years before His birth, so we would know He is who he says He is. Being the Chosen People has only cost them much pain and suffering for thousands of years, even todate.

22) If God is Omnipotent (All Powerful) Why Did He Need to Rest on the Seventh Day? - Would a real God really need to take a break after creating everything? This is the rest from creating, as he had no need to create more. The Bible states 3,500 years ago that humans were the last of His creation, and the Record of Nature has proven this to be true. He is sustaining His creation, bringing people to faith every day, and much more, so His activities have not ended, only creating. God said His creation is good, and he enjoys all of it. Those who learn about it are always amazed. See Creation Models

23) Did God have a wife? Asherah Worship in Israel - Yes, there really is evidence for polytheism in Israel, since the Bible says it was practiced by the Israelites. Asherah was a Canaanite (Baals) goddess of fertility, motherhood, and the sea. She was symbolized by trees, wooden poles (Asherim), or groves. Yes, some in Israel worship her (forgot about the Lord), and God was very displeased that His people would turn to idols (female figurines and inscriptions (e.g., Kuntillet 'Ajrud) see Judges 3:6-7. This is not taught in the Bible. Today, many Jews have turned to Eastern teachings. God is not displeased that His people would turn to these idols either.

24) Prince of Peace - What Peace? - Did Jesus fail to fulfill His role as the Prince of Peace? Jesus came the first time as the suffering servant has found in Isaiah 53. He will return as a conquering King and end all evil and sin, then there will be Peace. Many Jews in the 1st Century miss the Jesus the suffering servant as they wanted the conquering King - Prince of Peace to kick out the Romans. see Zechariah 9:9 and Revelation 19:11-16

25) God and War: What the Bible Says About the Just War Theory - Does God condone war? If so, under what circumstances? Bible doesn’t approve of war for every cause, and while it encourages peace with all persons (Rom 12:18), it nonetheless indicates that peace and justice sometimes require war (Mat 24:6). This is made clear from many considerations. First, the Bible does not prohibit all taking of life. For instance, killing in self-defense is justified (Ex 22:2), as is killing in capital punishment (Gen 9:6). Government is divinely authorized to use “the sword” (Rom 13:4), as Jesus Himself recognized (John 19:11). Second, under the law, God spelled out the rules of warfare for Israel (Dt 20). The Bible commands Christians to obey their government (Rm 13:1-7; Ti 3:1; 1 Pt 2:13-14). However, there are limitations to such obedience. When the government commands worship of idols or a king (Dn 3:6), forbids preaching the gospel (Ac 4-5), or orders the killing of children (Ex 1), then it is a believer’s duty to disobey. Likewise, if government engages in unjust warfare, believers by dissent. However, like Daniel (Dn 6), the three Hebrew young ben (Dn 3), and Peter (Ac 4-5), those who disobey government must accept the consequences meted out by the state.

26) Different Numbers are used in the Bible, don't these make contradictions in the Bible? Atheists like to go through the Bible looking for any type of Number that they think is an error. 1 Kings 7:23 has "pi" at 3.0, which is rounded to the nearest whole number (Like 10 and 30) rather than a precise mathematical formula, reflecting common ancient construction language. All these "errors" claims are rounded numbers. Atheists, if you think that quoting rounded numbers at the gates of heaven is going to help you, please rethink your strategy and check out the God of the Bible.

25) Why are Most Scientists Atheists If There is Evidence for Belief in God? Is their unbelief due to their intelligence, knowledge, and academic studies, or other factors? This is not 100% Pew Survey found that 33% of all scientists in America believe in God.

26) Cannot believe until I am 100% convinced! Do you use this standard for everything else you believe? No one does, do you check the contents of the prescription you take? Do you check the maintenance log of every plane you fly on? To ask 100% evidnce is not real, and there is most likely something else going on. See the Barriers to Salvation page

27) God of the Gaps - Do All Christian Apologetics Fall Into This Kind of Argument? Many skeptics believe that all arguments for the existence of God fall into the God of the gaps variety. According to this premise, one would expect these arguments to become fewer in number as scientists make more discoveries and learn more about our world. In reality, evidence continues to accumulate suggesting that the universe was designed by an intelligent agent. The evidence suggesting that the universe and its physical laws were designed continues to accumulate at a rapid rate. See Creation Model, Gen1 is testable! See Anthropic principle The gap is getting smaller every year. See Space-Time page

28) Does the Bible Teach Blind Faith? "Test everything. Hold on to the good." 1 Thessalonians 5:21. Christians teach that those who believe blindly are in cults (See Cult page). No other "holy" book tells its readers to actually put what it says to the test. The Bible can make such a statement because it passes the tests of truthfulness that no other "holy" book can. God Himself in His revelation to Isaiah 1:18 stated, "Come now, and let us reason together.. ". Psalm 19:1-2 tells us that the universe "declares the glory of God" and that this "voice goes out into all the earth". The Bible encourages people to use their minds. Jesus said "search the Scriptures... they testify of me" John 5:39. Isaiah 53 must be one of the main texts Jesus was talking about, written 700 BC, confirmed by the Dead Sea Scrolls, about His Birth, life, Death, and resurrection. Rom 1:20 states that evidance is overwhelming "For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power and Godhead, so that they are without excuse". Proverbs 18:15: "The mind of the prudent acquires knowledge, And the ear of the wise seeks knowledge." Matthew 22:37: Jesus replied: "'Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.'"

29) God Has Not Revealed Himself to Me, So He Must Not Exist. If you are reading this, then God has revealed Himself to you. All of Nature reveals God to you. See the Never Heard page for more details.

30) Many atheists claim that the Bible says that the earth is flat. The word "flat" occurs only a few times in the Bible, none of which is associated with the Earth. The claim that the four corners of the earth in Isaiah 11:12, Revelation 7:1, is proof. Bu this is a metaphorical, idiomatic expression referring to the entire world, not a literal square shape. It symbolizes the four cardinal directions—north, south, east, and west—representing the farthest reaches of the globe and the universality of God's actions.

31) Doesn't Genesis 1 Contradict Genesis 2? - The order of creation is different. Isn't this a contradiction? Genesis 1 is history, as noted by day 1 (a long time span) and then day 2 (the next long time span). Genesis 2 has none of this historical text. Genesis 2 is about creation from the viewpoint of how and what it impacts humanity. Genesis two is not a retelling of Genesis one. Genesis two dedicates 19 verses (76%) to the creation of humans. The term "earth" is used, when the Hebrew would better be translated "land."

32) Where Did Cain Get His Wife? Not marrying your sister is not in the Bible till Moses' law about 3,500 years ago. At this time, human munitions had a high enough rate to be a problem, as seen in the Egyptian kings' practice of marrying their sisters. Could ahve also been nieces, or another close female relative.

33) No Evidence of a Spiritual Realm. Only if one does not want to look. Creation of the universe is one of many proofs. (Space-Time) Near death experances is another. Not one secular tribe or culture found on earth. The reality of answered prayer and religious activity improving health and extending longevity (evidence for the existence of a benevolent Spiritual Being). The impact of Hope. Too much evil in the world, unconsciously acts (Look at all the evil perpetuated within the last century alone - 6 million Jews killed by Hitler, 40 million Russians killed by Stalin, and much more)(Current mass shooting events also show evil). The supernatural fulfillment of hundreds of Old Testament messianic prophecies, spanning his birth, ministry, death, and resurrection. Key prophecies include his birth in Bethlehem (Micah 5:2) to a virgin (Isaiah 7:14), and his life, death, and the suffering servant (Isaiah 53:1-12), and God in the flesh (Isaiah 9:6). Changed lives. More can be written, but this is more than enough. "Positive Therapeutic Effects of Intercessory Prayer in a Coronary Care Unit Population" is proof, by https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3393937/

34) All Religions Lead to God? Can One Discern the True Religion? Jesus and the Bible are not like any other. Others are works-based (have a list of rules and rites one must do to get to heaven or something like Heaven). Jesus offers free forgiveness and a relationship, if one is humble enough to accept it. Jesus' tomb is empty. The Christian faith (old earth) is testable (Creation Model). Jesus is not culutre bases and is in all nations.

35) There is No Fine Tuning of the Universe. The evidence is so strong that those who hate the God of the Bible have rejected truth and turned to Metaphysical, rejecting reality or rejecting the basic Laws of Physics. The anthropic principle is well-founded. There is no evidence at all for the multiverse.

36) The Universe Just Created Itself Out of Nothing. This violates the Law of Causality (the law of cause and effect). Those who hate the facts that space-time math proves the Bible's account of the formation of the universe to be correct since 3,500 years ago will reject the Law of Causality and proven logic. Atheism that claims to be fact-based is not; it is a faith-based worldview.

36) No proof that the prayer works. Yes there is: "Positive Therapeutic Effects of Intercessory Prayer in a Coronary Care Unit Population" is proof, by https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3393937/

37) Some Christian teachings are Bogus: Here we have 100% agreement. Christians are human, and humans can get off track, let emotion override critical thinking skills, like Young Earthers who think the Bible teaches a 6,000-year-old earth. There are also Christian cults that do not teach from the Bible but add to it. Some Chirstian do not act in the way the Bible teaches them to behave. None of this changes the claim made by the Bible or Jesus Christ. In fact, he told us these people would come and be aware of them. This site is dedicated to providing logical and reliable reasons for believing the claims of Christianity.

38) Some claim: The Bible teaches that genocide is OK. God commanded genocide; He is not a good God.

Some cultures/societies are so evil that they must be ended to save humanity around them. The Nazi culture and the Imperial Japan culture were so evil that the Allied nations of the world had to end them (violent war to unconditional surrender, then denazification and ending of Japan's militaristic death cult). Japan killed 30 million during World War 2 and Nazism killed over 17 million. In the Bible, there were a few cultures/societies around the Israelites that were so evil, they endangered the survival of the cultures/societies around them, including the Israelites. God had them removed, just as the US had with a very high cost to remove Nazism and the Japan death cults.

Not only were these cultures/societies around Israel practicing evil, but they were also exporting it to other places. Widespread (normal for the whole town) practices included: child sacrifice, sorcery, bestiality, and the raping of men and women. Genesis 19:1–11, Judges 11:39, Leviticus 18:21, and 2 Kings 23:10 all describe Canaan’s Baal and Moloch rites, including child sacrifice to Canaanite and Phoenician deities. Ancient Roman and Greek texts state that the child was rolled into a fire pit to be killed. Archaeologists have found some of these pits and the cremated remains of thousands of infants and young children. Near Jerusalem was the Valley of Hinnom, used for child sacrifice to Baal, with many burnt babies. The Bible mentions these archaeological finds: Judges 2:11-13, 1 Kings 18, 2 Kings 10:18-28, Numbers 25, Ps 106:37, Lev 18:21, Lev 20:3, Is 30:33, Deu 12:30-31. This spans from 1500 BC to at least 700 BC; it was an ongoing problem. The fire pits the babies were rolled into were called “tophet” or “hearth” pits. The Phoenicians exported these child sacrifice rites. Child sacrifice fire pits were found in the Punic/Carthaginian culture. One pit dates to about 300 BCE. Historical accounts, by Diodorus Siculus, mention babies being roasted alive. Third-century BC historian Kleitarchos also reported that infants were rolled into a flaming pit. While only a few of these ancient pits have been found, many more remain undiscovered, with the bodies of many more babies.

Anyone who thinks that God should have let these evil child-sacrifice cultures/societies continue must first tell others and themselves that the USA should have let the death Nazi culture and the Imperial Japan death culture continue, also that the Allied nations of the world were wrong to stop Nazism and the Japanese death culture (want would the world look like today?). Otherwise, one is a hypocrite, or just someone who hates the God of the Bible. Humans who judge God out of ignorance will find no excuse face-to-face with God. "Ignorance of the law is no excuse". This works for US law and God’s law (as anyone who stops to look around would understand we live in a designed world):

Romans 1:19-20 "Since what may be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them. For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that people are without excuse." (today there is no excuse as: The Space-Time theorem establishes that a Causal Agent beyond space and time created the space-time dimensions of the universe. Only God, the Bible, is all-powerful and operates beyond our space and time.)

Hebrews 2:3 “how shall we escape if we ignore so great a salvation? This salvation, which was first announced by the Lord, was confirmed to us by those who heard him” (eyewitnesses)

John 3:16 “For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.”

39) Claim: There is no evidence for the Exodus. (This is not true, also remember these events were a long time ago)

Fact: Hebrew slaves were in Egypt, and later they were not in Egypt, but back in the Holy Land:

The Merneptah Stele: Dated to 1206 BCE, this is the earliest, non-biblical mention of "Israel" as a group residing in Canaan. By Pharaoh Merneptah, clearest Egyptian reference to Israel.

Semitic Presence in Egypt is proven by Papyrus Brooklyn, Hebrew named slaves in Egypt.

Egyptian Toponyms: Place names mentioned in the Exodus account, such as Pithom and Rameses (Pi-Ramesses), align with Egyptian, particularly Ramesside, geography.

Tomb of Rekhmire showing foreign slaves making mud bricks.

Egyptian hieroglyphic pictures of Hebrews in a coat of many colors.

Israelites type house in Egypt (lack of pig bones there, also)

In Avaris/Pi-Ramesses the housing styles, pottery, and burial practices were distinctly non-Egyptian and matched West Semitic cultures.

Dynasty palace at Avaris, where Pharaoh would have been close to the Hebrew slaves.

Onomasticon of Amenope is an ancient Egyptian administrative text, with Semitic place names in Egypt.

Papyrus Anastasi VI. records immigration from the Holy Land to Egypt.

Egyptian papyri (Anastasi IV and V) record that “there are no men to make bricks and no straw in the district."

Manetho an Egyptian priest on the Hebrews, records they were told to leave. (Record from an Egyptian point of view).Exod. 12:39

Mose is of Egyptian origin, derived from the Egyptian root ms or msi ("child" or "born"), commonly found in royal names like Thutmose ("Thoth is born") and Ramose ("Ra is born")

Jacob-el appears in Egyptian records linked to the region of Edom/Seir. (Edom was located in the mountainous region southeast of the Dead Sea)

Texts from the Egypt New Kingdom confirm that Egypt used large numbers of foreign prisoners of war and laborers from Canaan for building and agricultural workw

There are Egyptian words in the Hebrew Text.

The Berlin Pedestal three bound prisoners label as "Ishrael" (Israel).

Soleb Inscription, an ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic text with the earliest known reference to the name "Yahweh".

There is debated (speculative ) evidence (reminder we are talking about things from long ago)

Great Harris Papyrus

"Bay-Joseph" Egyptian

Moses/Irsu Egyptian

Egyptian Text states: A group within Egypt that despises Egyptian ritual, and they are driven out of the country (not debated)

Seti War Relief

Take together, these discoveries indicate the accounts of Moses and the Exodus are based in real history. While not the “proof beyond a shadow of a doubt” many seek, they provide circumstantial evidence that can lead one to reasonably conclude the people of Israel were slaves in Egypt at the time the Bible indicates. Further, the archaeological data suggests the Israelites left suddenly, and were settled in Canaan.

Ref:

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2. C. W. F. Everitt et al., “The Gravity Probe B Test of General Relativity,” Classical and Quantum Gravity 32 (November 2015): 224001, doi:10.1088/0264-9381/32/22/224001.

3. R. J. Beswick et al., “High-Resolution Imaging of the Radio Continuum and Neutral Gas in the Inner Kiloparsec of the Radio Galaxy 3C 293,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 352 (July 2004): 49–60, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07892.x; E. K. Mahony et al., “The Location and Impact of Jet-Driven Outflows of Cold Gas: The Case of 3C 293,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters 435 (October 2013): L58–L62, doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slt094.

4. J. Machalski et al., “Dynamical Analysis of the Complex Radio Structure in 3C 293: Clues on a Rapid Jet Realignment in X-shaped Radio Galaxies,” Astronomy & Astrophysics 595 (November 2016): A46, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629249.

5. Adam Ingram et al., “A Quasi-periodic Modulation of the Iron Line Centroid Energy in the Black Hole Binary H1743-322,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 461 (September 2016): 1967–80, doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1245.

6. H.-H. Zhao et al., “The X-ray View of Black-Hole Candidate Swift J1842.5-1124 during Its 2008 Outburst,” Astronomy & Astrophysics 593 (September 2016): A23, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201628647.

7. Jakob van den Eijnden, Adam Ingram, and Phil Uttley, “Probing the Origin of Quasi-periodic Oscillations: The Short-Time-Scale Evolution of Phase Lags in GRS 1915+105,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 458 (June 2016): 3655–66, doi:10.1093/mnras/stw610.

8. Alexandra Veledina et al., “Discovery of Correlated Optical/X-ray Quasi-periodic Oscillations in Black Hole Binary SWIFT J1753.5–0127,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 454 (December 2015): 2855–62, doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2201.

9. Paolo A. Sossi et al., “Redox State of Earth’s Magma Ocean and Its Venus-Like Early Atmosphere,” Science Advances 6, no. 48 (November 25, 2020): id. eabd1387, doi:10.1126/sciadv.abd1387.

10. Kevin Zahnle, Laura Schaefer, and Bruce Fegley, “Earth’s Earliest Atmospheres,” Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 2, no. 10 (October 2010): id. a004895, doi:10.1101/cshperspect.004895; Kevin Zahnle et al., “Emergence of a Habitable Planet,” Space Science Reviews 129 (August 2007): 35–78, doi:10.1007/s11214-007-9225-z.

11. Hilke E. Schlitchting, Paul H. Warren, and Qing-Zhu Yin, “The Last Stages of Terrestrial Planet Formation: Dynamical Friction and the Late Veneer,” Astrophysical Journal 752, no. 8 (June 10, 2012): id. 8, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/752/1/8; R. Brasser et al., “Late Veneer and Late Accretion to the Terrestrial Planets,” Earth and Planetary Science Letters 455 (December 1, 2016): 85–93, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.013.

12. Lawrence M. Krauss, “The End of the Age Problem, and the Case for a Cosmological Constant Revisited,” Astrophysical Journal 501 (1998): 461.

13. S. Perlmutter et al., “Discovery of a Supernova Explosion at Half the Age of the Universe,” Nature 391 (1998): 51-54; Hugh Ross, “Einstein Exonerated in Breakthrough Discovery,” Connections vol. 1, no. 3 (1999), 2-3.

14. Adam G. Riess, “The Farthest Known Supernova: Support for an Accelerating Universe and a Glimpse of the Epoch of Deceleration,” Astrophysical Journal 560 (2001): 49-71

15. P. DeBarnardis et al., “A Flat Universe from High-Resolution Maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation,” Nature 404 (2000): 955-59; A. Melchiorri et al., “A Measurement of Ω from the North American Test Flight of Boomerang,” Astrophysical Journal Letters 536 (2000): L63-L66.

16. Charles Seife, “Echoes of the Big Bang Put Theories in Tune,” Science 292 (2001): 823; P. Bernardis et al., “Multiple Peaks in the Angular Power Spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background: Significance and Consequences for Cosmology,” Astrophysical Journal 564 (June 2002): 559-66.

17. P. Bernardis et al.,; Radek Stompor et al., “Cosmological Implications of the MAXIMA-1 High-Resolution Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy Measurement,” Astrophysical Journal Letters 561 (2001): L7-L10; F. Atrio-Barabdela et al., “Observational Matter Power Spectrum and the Height of the Second Acoustic Peak,” Astrophysical Journal 559 (2001): 1-8.

18. A. T. Lee et al., “A High-Spatial Resolution Analysis of the MAXIMA-1 Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy Data,” Astrophysical Journal Letters 56l(2001): L1-L5; Charles Seife, “Microwave Telescope Data Ring True,” Science 291 (2001): 414; S. Padin et al., “First Intrinsic Anisotropy Observations with the Cosmic Background Imager,” Astrophysical Journal Letters 549 (2001): L1-L5; Atrio-Barabdela et al., 1-8.

19. James Glanz, “Listen Closely: From Tiny Hum Came Big Bang,” New York Times, 30 April 2001, late edition – final, sec. A, p. 1, col. 1.

20. Kathy Sawyer, “Calculating Contents of Cosmos: Ordinary Matter Makes Up Only 4.5 Percent Teams Find,” The Washington Post, April 30, 2001, p. A1.

21. Scott Burles, Kenneth M. Nollett, and Michael S. Turner, “Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Predictions for Precision Cosmology,” Astrophysical Journal Letters 552 (2001): L1-L5.

22. David Kirkman et al., “QSO 0130-4021: A Third QSO Showing a Low Deuterium-To-Hydrogen Abundance Ratio,” Astrophysical Journal 529 (2000): 655-60; J. M. O’Mears et al., Astrophysical Journal (2001): submitted.

23. Stefano Borgani et al., “Measuring Ωm with the ROSAT Deep Cluster Survey,” Astrophysical Journal 561 (2001): 13-21.

24. Wayne Hu et al., “Cosmic Microwave Background Observables and Their Cosmological Implications,” Astrophysical Journal 549 (2001): 669-80; Ron Cowen, “Age of the Universe: A New Determination,” Science News 160 (2001), 261.

25. Naoki Yasuda et al., “Galaxy Number Counts from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Commissioning Data,” Astronomical Journal 122 (2001): 1104-24.

26. ideharu Kuwahara et al., “The Use of Ascorbate as an Oxidation Inhibitor in Prebiotic Amino Acid Synthesis: A Cautionary Note,” Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres 42 (December 2012): 533–41.

27. François Raulin, “Atmospheric Prebiotic Synthesis,” presentation at the 12th International Conference on the Origin of Life and the 9th meeting of the International Conference on the Origin of Life, San Diego, CA 1999; Stanley L. Miller, “The Endogenous Synthesis of Organic Compounds,” The Molecular Origins of Life: Assembling Pieces of the Puzzle, ed. André Brack (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 59-85.

    [4] Shin Miyakawa et al., “Prebiotic Synthesis from CO Atmospheres: Implications for the Origin of Life,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 99 (2002): 14628-31.

    [5] For example, see Fazale R. Rana, “Sea Vents Closed As Life-Origin Site,” Connections vol. 4 no. 2 (2002), 1,5.

28. Biogenesis: Theories of Life's Origin 1st Edition by Noam Lahav

29. For further discussion about God’s revelation, see Kenneth Richard Samples, Without a Doubt: Answering the 20 Toughest Faith Questions.

30. For a discussion of some of historic Christianity’s greatest thinkers and their arguments for God, see Kenneth Richard Samples, Classic Christian Thinkers: An Introduction.

31. For evidence and arguments for God and Christianity, see 7 Truths That Changed the World: Discovering Christianity’s Most Dangerous Ideas.

32. For a book-length treatment on the topic of divine hiddenness from a Christian philosophical perspective, see Michael C. Rea, The Hiddenness of God.

33. For a series of essays on divine hiddenness from various perspectives (Jewish, Christian, atheistic, agnostic), see ed. Daniel Howard-Snyder and Paul Moser, Divine Hiddenness: New Essays.

34. Erik Strandness, “When Atheism Becomes Unfalsifiable: Peter Atkins and the Problem of Evidence,” Patheos (November 6, 2020), patheos.com/blogs/unbelievable/2020/11/when-atheism-becomes-unfalsifiable-peter-atkins-and-the-problem-of-evidence/.

Crazy Science

While most of science as studying the record of nature. But some have departed from the laws of physics.

1) Some theoretical physics suggests the "arrow of time" and entropy could be reversed, proposing that our understanding of the Big Bang might be backward.

2) A theory suggests that every black hole could act as a gateway, spawning a new, separate universe on the other side.

3) The Many Worlds Multiverse: A quantum mechanics interpretation where every possible outcome of a quantum event creates a new, branching universe, creating an infinite, parallel reality.

4) A fringe theory suggesting electricity and plasma play a greater role in the structure of the universe than gravity.

5) World is a computer simulation hypothesis.

6) The Universe is a Hologram.

7) Black Holes Can Give Birth to Entirely New Universes.

8) The Panspermia Theory - UFO are real.

9) Freezing humans to bring them back to life in the future is the goal of cryonics

10) The idea that the universe itself is conscious or sentient. Eastern cults teaching in scinece.

11) A phase of matter where particles move in a regular, repeating pattern, even in their lowest energy state, seemingly breaking standard physical laws.

12) A hypothesis that biological systems share memory and forms through a collective field.

13) Quantum events can pop new worlds.